Python

roadmap.sh: https://roadmap.sh/python

Suggested path through the Python nodes. Each node links to its lesson when written.

Nodes

Basics & syntax

• Basic syntax
• Variables and data types
• Conditionals
• Type casting
• Exceptions
• Functions & built-in functions
• Operators
• Working with strings

Data structures

• Lists
• Tuples
• Sets
• Dictionaries

Loops & comprehensions

• Loops
• List comprehensions
• Generator expressions

Object-oriented programming

• Classes
• Methods
• Inheritance
• Encapsulation
• Decorators
• Lambdas

Modules & functional concepts

• Modules
• Iterators
• Context managers
• Recursion
• Regular expressions
• Paradigms
• Variable scope

Package managers & environments

• pip
• PyPI
• Virtualenv
• Pipenv
• Conda
• Poetry
• PDM
• uv
• pyenv
• pyproject.toml

Static typing

• Static typing
• typing module
• mypy
• Pyright
• Pyre
• Pydantic

Code formatting & linting

• Code formatting
• Black
• YAPF
• Ruff

Testing

• Testing
• unittest (PyUnit)
• pytest
• doctest
• tox

Documentation

• Sphinx

Concurrency & async

• Concurrency
• Asynchrony
• Threading
• Multiprocessing
• The GIL
• gevent

Frameworks & libraries

• Learn a framework
• Django
• Flask
• FastAPI
• Sanic
• Tornado
• Pyramid
• aiohttp
• Plotly Dash
• Common packages

Data structures & algorithms

• Arrays & linked lists
• Heaps, stacks & queues
• Hashmaps
• Binary search tree
• Sorting algorithms

Resources

See resources.md.

Project ideas

• Build a CLI task manager with argparse, JSON persistence, and a pytest suite.
• Write an async web scraper using aiohttp + asyncio that fans out across many URLs with a concurrency limit.
• Create a typed FastAPI service with Pydantic models, dependency injection, and full test coverage.